Platform, device version and operating system:
Android
Screenshot or image:
Some overlap visible at life/armor (symbol and text)
A bit later when the troop this was on top is gone.
Did some skull damage, hit the lower troop with it. The upper is not really there anymore.
Did it again after this, hit the lower troop again with skulls and won (screenshot with only the upper troop left is missing unfortunately, it didn’t get saved)
What you were expecting to happen, and what actually happened:
I expected the troop that (probably) fled to not show anymore, obviously.
But it stayed visible.
How often does this happen? When did it begin happening?
Happened the first time right now.
Steps to make it happen again
No idea. Play a battle (this was underspire) and it could happen if a troop runs from fear (I guess that is what happened).